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The AGC in the lunar module ran its Apollo PGNCS (primary guidance, navigation and control system), with the acronym pronounced as pings.įlatpack silicon integrated circuits in the Apollo guidance computer The AGC in the command module was the center of its guidance, navigation and control (GNC) system.

Each Moon flight carried two AGCs, one each in the command module and the Apollo Lunar Module, with the exception of Apollo 8 which did not need a lunar module for its lunar orbit mission. Operation Īstronauts manually flew Project Gemini with control sticks, but computers flew most of Project Apollo except briefly during lunar landings. The AGC and its DSKY user interface were developed in the early 1960s for the Apollo program by the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory and first flew in 1966. Most of the software on the AGC is stored in a special read-only memory known as core rope memory, fashioned by weaving wires through and around magnetic cores, though a small amount of read/write core memory is available.Īstronauts communicated with the AGC using a numeric display and keyboard called the DSKY (for "display and keyboard", pronounced "DIS-kee"). The AGC has a 16-bit word length, with 15 data bits and one parity bit. The computer's performance was comparable to the first generation of home computers from the late 1970s, such as the Apple II, TRS-80, and Commodore PET. The AGC was the first computer based on silicon integrated circuits. The AGC provided computation and electronic interfaces for guidance, navigation, and control of the spacecraft. The Apollo Guidance Computer ( AGC) was a digital computer produced for the Apollo program that was installed on board each Apollo command module (CM) and Apollo Lunar Module (LM).